Computer Latest Terminology

April 13th, 2011 by Nagesh Leave a reply »
Ranging form A to Z Computer Terminology :


A

AGP : Acronym "Accelerated Graphics port" is an interface specification that enables 3-D graphics to display quickly on ordinary personal computers.


Active Matrix Display : Active matrix (also known as Thin Film Transistor or TFT) is a technology used in the flat panel liquid crystal displays of notebook and laptop computers. Active matrix displays provide a more responsive image at a wider range of viewing angle than dual scan (passive matrix) displays.


AC : Acronym "Alternating Current" The voltage of an AC power source can be easily changed by means of a power transformer. AC power is used for long distance distribution.







B

Browser : A client software program used to search networks. retrieve copies of files and display them in an easy-to-read. often graphical, format. Browsers such as SPRY Mosaic, Netscape Navigator, and Microsoft Internet Explorer are used to access in formation on the World Wide Web.

Bandwidth : Describes the capacity at which a given communications channel, such as ordinary copper telephone line. can transfer information; increasing bandwidth increases the speed at which data transfer lakes place. The greater the bandwidth, the greater amount of data can be transferred.

BIOS : Basic Input Output System. This is the basic set of instructions that tell the computer how to act. Most computers have these instructions built intoa chip that plugs into the motherboard.






C

CD-ROM : is an abbreviation for Compact Disc. read only memory. It is another storage device for files. such as a Floppy disk. Currently most CD`s will not use this term, but instead will be called CD-R (for readable only), or or CD-RW (for readable/writable). Readable only means that you can only save information to it once and that unlike a floppy it can’t be reused over and over again. Readable/writable means that you can save information and then delete it and reuse the disk. You must use a software application to "bum" or write / save information to a CD and you must have a CD drive that is also a CD-RW drive sometimes called a " CD Burner". Unlike Floppies, CD's can come in various sizes indicated by the number of MEGs (i.e. 700 megs, 800 megs, etc).

Crash : An unexpected shutdown either of a program or the whole system.

Cursor : is a visual indicator (usually represented as a blinking line in text programs or as an arrow) on the screen that lets you know where your mouse is positioned. On a web page the cursor usually turns into a pointing hand when positioned over a button or link that when clicked on will take you somewhere new. The cursor allows you to insert text where you wish. or to select existing items to be deleted. copied. or modified in some way.






D

Digital : Terms used to describe any information that has been translated into a corresponding series of ls and Os; any information - text, sound, image,color, may be digitized.

Download : The process of transferring information from one computer t0 another, usually from :1 server to a client. You download a file from anothercomputer to yours.

Drive : any part of the computer where disks reside and operate. temporarily or permanently. See floppy drive, CD drive, and hard disk/ hard drive. You may also have a tape drive for backing up materials such as a ZIP drive.






E

Email : Abbeviation "E1ectronic Mail" sending tiiacd messages from one computer to another. over a network or the Internet.

Emoticon : Emoticons, or smileys :—) , are used to convey emotion. The expressions and inflections of voice we use to convey emotion, irony, sarcasm, etc. when talking are lost when communicating over the Internet. To make up for that, a system of symbols has developed which uses common keyboard marks.

Electronic Commerce : The transacting of business electronically rather than via paper.





F

File server or server : a large capacity computer which is connected to other computers for the purpose of sharing information and processing ability.File servers are often part of a network.

FTP : Acronym "Fi1e Transfer Pr0t0c0l" A service for moving an electronic file of any type from one computer to another over the Internet.

File/document : any single item created with an application, this can be anything that is saved to your computer, such as a paper, a spreadsheet, pictures, sounds, and downloaded programs (although usually documents only refer to items with text).






G

Google : A popular search engine used to index the web.

GB : Acronym "Gigabyte“ 1,000 Megabytes. A mea· sure storage space. Hard Drives are measured in GB capacity.

GIF : Acronym "Graphic Interchange Format" One of two popular systems used to compress the size of image files so they require less bandwidth to transfer on the Web.






H

HTTP : Acronym "Hypertext Transfer Protocol" The protocol that forms the basis of World Wide Web technology. H'I’l`P is the set of rules governing the software that transports hyper linked files along the Internet.

Hyperlink : A code which contains an “address," which when clicked, will take you to that address.

HTML : Acronym "Hyper text Mark-up Language" which is used to format information so that it can be structured and made accessible to the World Wide Web (WWW). The language itself is a. simplified derivative of SGML, a widely used standard developed in the mid 1980’s. The technique employed is to encase the information in special markers (called tags) which {tell the WWW applications how the text is to be interpreted.





I

Icons : pictures that are shortcuts to programs or files. By clicking on an icon, you start the program or open the file. Usually these are.

Internet : A collection of networks Linked together using a common protocol. The global computer network achieved through the interconnection of smaller computer networks around the world.

IP Address : A digital code that precisely locates a computer connected to the Internet.





J

JPEG : Acronym "Joint Photographic Experts Group" A commonly used compression technique for graphics images on the Internet.

Java : Developed by Sun Micro systems mainly to enhance the "online experience" of the World Wide Web.





K

K : Acronym "Kilo byte" = 1024 bytes a storage measurement used in file sizes and media.






L

LAN : Acronym "Local Area Network" The regional server or servers your computer is connected to. These in turn are connected to other servers creating a network in your office. home, etc.

LCD : Acronym "Liquid Crystal Display" ls the technology used for displays in notebook and other smaller computers. Like light-emitting diode (LED) and gas plasma technologies, LCDs (liquid Crystal displays) allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube 2RT) technology. LCDs consume much less power tube LED and gas display because they work on the principle of blocking light rather than emitting it.

Local File : A tile stored on the hard disk of your computer. as opposed to a tile stored on an Internet server or some other remote computer.





M

Modem : is a device that plugs into a standard telephone jack and allows a computer to transmit and weave information over commercial telephone lines. Another type of device is a NIC or Network Interface card, which is used for networks like LANs and WANS.

Monitor : the screen on which you see your work whether in colour, grayscale, or black - and - white. Colour monitors can show from 16 to over a million different colours. The other important setting in monitors is the resolution. The resolution of a monitor in dicates how densely packed the pixels (coloured dots liil make up an image) are. In general, the more pixels. the sharper the image will be. Most modern monitors display 1024 by 768 pixels. Some high-end models can display 1280 by 1024, or even 1600 by 1200.

MP3 : this stands for "MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3" and is a digital, compressed music file (these files always end with a .mp3]. MP3 files are often downloaded or exchanged between people online.





N

Network : Two or more computers connected to one another for the transfer and sharing of information. A group of computers spread out over a large area that are connected with each other, whether by telephone lines. fiber-optic cables or some other linkage. These are usually further defined as a LAN or a WAN. LAN stands for a Local Area Network (LAN) and WAN for a Wilde Area Network (WAN). WAN s are usually created for large geographical areas and typically consist of two or more LANs.

Netiquette : Internet etiquette, the correct from of behaviour to be used while working on the Internet and Usenet. It can be summed up as, "D0n't waste computer resources and don't be rude."

Newbie : An individual new to the Internet. Used with both affection and malice : depending on whether you’re being welcomed or being flamed.





O

Operating System or Platform : these terms refer to the software that your computer uses to operate (otherwise known as your 05) and not to a manufacturer or company. Windows 2000, Windows XP, and OSX (Mac) are common platforms.

OS : Acronym "Operating System" The primary program running on a computer; started automatically when the computer is turned on; all other programs run within the operating system. Examples: DOS, Windows XP, UNIX, Linux, OS X(Mac).

Online : Connected. You are online if you are working on your computer while it is connected to another computer. Your printer is online if it is connected to your computer and ready to accept data.





P

PDF : Acronym "Portable Document Format" A document format read by Adobe Systems Acrobat viewer. This format is excellent for displaying instruction manuals and other large documents in a "web ready" state.

Plugin : A helper application that works within a browser. It adds more functionality to a browser commonly associated with the Netscape Navigator browser software.

Postmaster : The person at a host who is responsible for managing the mail system. If you need information about a user at a particular host, you can usually send e - mail to the postmaster at postmaster@hostname.





Q

Query : A search question that has been asked in a manner the computers database system can understand and use.





R

RAM : Acronym "Random Access Memory" Random Access Memory, the computers "short term" memory used whenever an action is performed by a program. It is also called the "active memory". RAM is what the computer uses to run all applications, RAM is usually specified in Megs or MB. (The other kind of memory dealers refer to is "storage" memory or hard drive size. It usually is specified in Gigs or GB.

ROM : Acronym "Read Only Memory" , in which information is saved once and can never be altered. For example. CD - ROM drives read information saved on compact disks (CD‘s). A CD—ROM drive can read that information, but cannot make changes to it, for that you need a CD-RW drive. Some ROM is built into your computer to help it get started when you tum it on.





S

Server : A computer or its software that "serves" other computers by administering network files and network operations. Three types of Internet servers are Web servers. e-mail servers, and Gopher servers.

Signature : A short piece of text transmitted with an e-mail or newsgroup message. Some systems can attach text from a file to the end of a message automatically. Signature files contain detailed information on how tn contact someone.

Search Engine : A tool used which matches key words you enter with titles and descriptions on the Internet. It then displays the matches allowing you to easily locate a subject, Similar to a card catalog, but not as efficient. Common search engines are Webcrawler, Yahoo. Alta Vista, Infoseek, and Lycos.

SQL : Acronym "Structured Query Language". an ANSI language for retrieving information from a database. Most database software providers add extensions. The "official" pronunciation is "sequel".

Software : also called an application, this is any information a computer uses to perform a task; also, any information saved on a disk.





T

TWAIN : Acronym Technology Without An Interesting Name" — is the interface used by a input device such as a scanner to import images (generally graphics) into the computer.

Telnet : An internet protocol used for logging on to a remote computer. as well as the software that implement makes all Internet hosts appear to the user if they use the same techniques for presenting screen and the same commands for performing tasks (such as typing and editing commands).

TCP/IP : Acronym "Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol" ( communications rules) that control how data is transferred be tween computers on the Internet.





U

UNIX : A computer operating system, popular with high-end computer users, academics and the research community. Most hosts connected to the Internet run UNIX.

USB : Acronym "Universal Serial Bus" (the plug is very flat and has no pins or prongs). This is a style of port connection that is used by many peripheral devices such as Palm Pilots. phones, scanners, printers etc. This type of connection is much faster than more 1 traditional kind of connections such as serial and parallel ports (often used by older printers these ports I have plugs with little screws attached).

UPS : "Uninterruptible Power Supply" An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that allows your computer to keep running for at least a short time when the primary power source is lost.





V

Virus : A program that uses various techniques for duplreating itself and traveling between computers. Viruses vary from harmless nuisances to serious problems that can cause millions of dollars worth of damage.

VPN : Acronym " Virtual Private Network ".

VRML : Acronym " Virtual Reality Mark-Up Language" Protocol language which allows 3-D representation of graphics. Chat rooms are increasingly using VRML to represent chatters graphically with avatars.






W

Windows : The same term refers to several different things. One is a a graphic way of displaying information on a screen, in windows. that allow you to view the contents of each window as if they are loose pages on a desk that can be shuffled around. Windows are very useful because they can be opened. closed, stacked, sorted, re-sized, and moved, so you can move very quickly from one application or file to another.

Web Page : A single screen [document] on a Web site.

Web Site : The location of published hypertext content. Physically, a Web site can occupy an entire Web server or a part of a sewer; or it can be spread out among different servers as long as its sections are all linked, directly or indirectly, to the same home page.





Y

Yahoo : A popular search engine used to index the web.








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